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Migrating Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise Workloads to Amazon RDS: Part 1
Prudhvi Janga is a software development engineer in Amazon Web Services
SQL Server Native Backups and Restores Using RDS and Amazon S3
If you're thinking almost moving your on-premises Microsoft SQL Server databases to Amazon RDS, one pick to drift your databases is to use native SQL Server backups. Backups tin exist uploaded to AWS using Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). These backups tin also be encrypted using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). In one case the backup has been uploaded to Amazon S3, you can and then restore your databases onto an RDS SQL Server instance. We recommend this option for bulk migration if having only a minimum reanimation is non a disquisitional requirement for you. You can too utilize this feature to:
- Movement databases between Amazon RDS SQL Server DB instances.
- Back upward and restore individual databases, as opposed to entire RDS instances.
- Shop and transfer backups in and out of RDS while preserving complete compatibility with native SQL Server installations.
- Motion database backups to RDS to apply every bit a disaster recovery solution for on-site SQL Server installations.
Setting Up
RDS offers choice groups to enable certain features on an RDS instance. You lot can associate an option grouping with multiple options. Each option typically represents one feature. Depending on the feature, the choice might accept boosted settings to be configured.
To enable native backups on your RDS instances, you create an choice group, add the SQLSERVER_BACKUP_RESTORE option, and assign it to an RDS instance. The steps post-obit show how.
- Choose Option Groups on the navigation pane in the RDS dashboard in the AWS Direction Console.
- Choose Create Group to create a new option grouping.
Note: Y'all can too select i of your existing groups and add the choice. Still, the default option groups cannot be modified. The default groups commencement with the word default and can exist easily identified. So, unless yous already have an option group that you have manually created in the by, you will accept to create a new one. - Type the option group name, description, and other details, and choose Create.
Annotation: Pick groups are specific to particular RDS engines, engine editions, and major engine versions. If you lot have multiple RDS instances running on dissimilar editions and versions of SQL Server, you'll have to create an option group for each edition and version combination. - Select the option grouping that you created in the previous step and cull Add Option.
- In the Add together Option section, make full in the details.
Typically in an on-premises setting, DBAs back up databases to disk and motility the backup to external storage by using a file transfer mechanism. Even so, backups made by using this characteristic in RDS are direct uploaded to S3. So, RDS needs permissions to admission your S3 bucket to upload and download database backups.To provide this access to RDS, you tin do 1 of two things. You can provide your ain AWS Identity and Admission Management (IAM) role—this approach comes in handy when you already have an IAM part that contains a bucket where you lot want RDS to place backups or retrieve backups from. Or you tin let RDS set up an IAM role for you in the background past providing the necessary information. If you permit RDS set upwardly the IAM part: - You tin specify an existing S3 bucket or create a new one.
- An S3 prefix is optional. We recommend it only in cases where you want to restrict access to a shared bucket to the files in folders with that specified prefix.
- You lot can enable encryption, to encrypt and decrypt the backups using KMS. If you enable encryption, you'll need to specify a KMS fundamental to encrypt or decrypt backups. We will cover this process in a separate blog post.
Once the option group creation succeeds, you tin see the IAM office that was created in the selection groups' screen. You can too edit it by going to the IAM service dashboard.
- You tin assign the new option grouping to an existing or a new RDS instance.To assign the selection grouping to an existing RDS case, navigate to the RDS dashboard, choose Instances, and then select the instance that you want to associate the option group with. For Instance Actions, choose Modify. You can alter the option group associated with the example under Database Options:
Note: After you have associated the case with the option grouping, information technology will take anywhere from 10 to 15 minutes for the modifications to complete. When the instance returns to available condition, you can start using the feature related to that choice group with your RDS instance.
Troubleshooting Errors during Setup
For possible errors during setup, some recommendations follow.
This error occurs when RDS can't generate temporary credentials to access an S3 saucepan using the IAM role specified. In this case, it's likely that the IAM role provided doesn't give RDS access to the S3 saucepan. To set this result, y'all can modify the role and provide RDS access (rds.amazonaws.com) under the trust relationship tab of the IAM role.
This error occurs when the AWS panel is unable to retrieve existing IAM roles, which happens if IAM service is unavailable temporarily. To address this result, effort again later.
Backing Up or Restoring a Database
To perform backups and restores, RDS provides 4 stored procedures in the MSDB organization database. The master user tin can run or grant access to others to run these stored procedures. Following are the stored procedures and their details.
Backup Task Stored Procedure
Restore Task Stored Procedure
Chore Status Stored Procedure
Task Cancellation Stored Procedure
Subsequently you issue a fill-in or restore task by using one of these stored procedures, RDS outputs task information as shown following. Yous can too retrieve this information later past running the rds_task_status stored procedure.
The following table gives some details about these columns.
Troubleshooting Fill-in and Restore Errors
When you run the stored procedures, you might encounter some validation errors. These errors are displayed immediately, and a task will not exist created if you meet these errors. You can find common validation errors and suggested fixes post-obit—hither, presume your database is named AdventureWorks.
| Error | Suggestion |
|---|---|
| Cannot find database AdventureWorks. | This error shows upwards if you try to back up a database that doesn't exist on the RDS case. |
| Database AdventureWorks is not online. | If the database you are trying to back up is non online, you lot'll see this error. Bring the database online and effort again. |
| Parameter @source_db_name cannot exist empty, please provide database name to backup. | If the source database proper name supplied to backup is empty (just contains spaces), y'all volition run across this error. Correct the name and endeavor once again. |
| Database backups can but be performed by members of db_owner or db_backupoperator roles in source database. | If you lot are not the database owner or don't take a fill-in operator function for the source database yous're trying to back up, you volition see this error. Go yourself access as db_owner or db_backupoperator in the database and try once more. |
| Database backup/restore option is not enabled or is in the process of being enabled. Delight try again later. | If the initial option group setup encountered an error or is incomplete, you lot will see this error. To correct the issue and try once more, cheque instructions in Setting Up before in this blog post. |
| S3 object ARN cannot be empty. | Because the storage used by RDS for backups is S3, you will need to specify a valid S3 Amazon Resource Name (ARN). Observe more than well-nigh resources ARNs in Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) and AWS Service Namespaces in the AWS General Reference. The S3 ARN should include the bucket name, an optional prefix, and either the proper noun of the fill-in file you want created or the proper name of a file to restore from: arn:aws:s3:region:account-id: bucket_name/optional_prefix/file_name.extension |
| Parameter @overwrite_S3_backup_file must be either 0 or i. | If you lot have an existing fill-in file in S3 and you don't specify the @overwrite_S3_backup_file parameter, you volition get an error. This parameter is used to specify whether yous want an existing backup file to be overridden with the latest backup or non. Here, 0 indicates that you don't desire to overwrite the file present in S3 if i already exists, and 1 indicates otherwise. |
| Cannot fill-in organization databases or rdsadmin. | Only customer databases can be backed upwardly. Correct the source database name and try again. |
| A job has already been issued for database: AdventureWorks with task Id: ane, please try again afterwards. | If a backup job is already in progress on the source database specified, you will come across this error. Y'all can try once more afterwards the current task is complete. |
| Database restores tin merely be performed by database logins with [CREATE ANY DATABASE] permissions. | Only logins with CREATE ANY DATABASE privileges on the RDS case can perform restores. Correct the permissions and try once again. |
| No database name specified to restore. | To restore a backup, you have to specify a not-empty database proper noun. Correct the target database proper noun and endeavour again. |
| Database name cannot start or stop with a space. | Remove the starting or trailing spaces from the database proper noun and effort again. |
| Database AdventureWorks already exists. Cannot restore database with the same proper noun. | You cannot restore a fill-in to an existing database or restore differential backups or transaction logs using this feature. |
| Cannot detect a CREATED or an IN_PROGRESS job: 1 to cancel. | Only tasks that are in CREATED or IN_PROGRESS lifecycles can be canceled. The aforementioned error volition also bear witness up if the chore ID you are looking for doesn't exist. |
| Could not find the specified task. Execute without whatsoever parameters to evidence all tasks. | This mistake appears when you lot run rds_task_status with an invalid database proper name or task ID. Yous can run the stored process without whatsoever parameters if you don't have the task ID handy. |
| Mistake executing process. Please reconnect to the RDS endpoint and retry. | You'll usually come across this mistake on mirrored instances if you are continued to a mirror later on a failover. Reconnect to the endpoint and try once again. |
Sometimes, the backup or restore chore is created successfully simply you run across errors after and the task errors out. You lot can find the related fault information in the task_info column that is displayed by running the rds_task_status stored process. Post-obit, you can find some common errors and how y'all can right them.
| Mistake | Suggestion |
|---|---|
| Access Denied. | This fault comes up when the IAM role setup in pace 5 of Setting Up doesn't provide sufficient access to RDS to admission the bucket list or the bucket itself. Brand certain that the IAM role is however associated with the option group and RDS instance and has sufficient privileges. |
| Task was initiated on server name: EC2AMAZ-ABCDEFG, current server name: EC2AMAZ-MNOPQRS. Cannot consummate the task, please try once again. | Usually you lot'll see this error when a chore is in progress on a mirrored instance and a failover happens. The new chief or primary does not know about the chore in progress. This fault tin can also announced when the job is in progress and the underlying EC2 automobile has been replaced with a unlike one. In either case, reissue the task to solve the fault. |
Could not parse the amazon resource proper name cord provided: arn:aws:s3:::bucket_name | This fault means that the S3 ARN you accept provided isn't in the correct format. Correct the ARN and reissue the chore. Observe more about resource ARN format in Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) and AWS Service Namespaces in the AWS General Reference. |
| Unable to call up temporary credentials for: SQLSERVER_BACKUP_RESTORE | This error means that RDS couldn't generate temporary credentials to access S3. Make sure the IAM role involved is yet associated with the choice group and the RDS instance and has sufficient privileges. |
| The S3 bucket location: US-EAST-1 does non lucifer the RDS instance region: U.s.a.-WEST-2. Please specify a saucepan that is in the aforementioned region as RDS instance. | Currently, RDS only supports backups and restores to and from S3 in the same AWS Region as the RDS instance. Cross-region backup and restore is not available. Still, you tin can utilise S3 cantankerous-region replication to copy the backup from a bucket in one region to a bucket in some other region. Find more on cross-region replication Cross-Region Replication in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide. |
| RESTORE_DB task is unable to locate the backup file in S3. Try again and specify an existing backup file. | A restore database task requires that a fill-in file exists in S3. If the job cannot find the fill-in file, this error is thrown. Correct the issue and attempt again. |
| BACKUP_DB job found the backup file already nowadays in S3. Rename the existing file, or use the overwrite parameter to overwrite the existing file. | If a fill-in file already exists on S3 merely the overwrite option was not specified for rds_backup_database, you lot will run across this mistake. To overwrite the file on S3, set @overwrite_S3_backup_file to 1. |
| The KMS master key region: United states-EAST-ane does not lucifer the RDS instance region: Us-West-2. Please specify a key that is in the same region as RDS instance. | If you encounter this mistake, the KMS key supplied to encrypt or decrypt the backup file is not in the aforementioned region as the RDS case. Supply a KMS cardinal that is present in the same region. |
| KMS master key is not enabled. Please right the issue and try again. | If you encounter this fault, the specified KMS key is not enabled to encrypt or decrypt the backup file. Enable the KMS key or utilise a different KMS key. |
| Delight provide KMS ARN with a region proper noun. | A KMS key requires a region name to be specified. Correct the key's ARN and reissue the task. Find more nearly resources ARNs in Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) and AWS Service Namespaces in the AWS Full general Reference. |
| No encrypted envelope central present. Unable to generate S3 object metadata. | If the fill-in file does non comprise the encryption metadata (the envelope key) required for decryption, you will get this mistake. Brand sure you are using an encrypted fill-in to restore from. |
| No initialization vector present. Unable to generate S3 object metadata. | If the backup file does not contain the encryption metadata (the initialization vector) required for decryption, you volition get this error. Make sure you lot are using an encrypted fill-in to restore from. |
| Object metadata (x-amz-key) incomplete, cannot decrypt the given S3 object. | If the fill-in file does not contain the encryption metadata (the envelope primal) required for decryption, you will get this error. Make sure you are using an encrypted fill-in to restore from. |
| Object metadata (x-amz-iv) incomplete, cannot decrypt the given S3 object. | If the backup file does not contain the encryption metadata (the initialization vector) required for decryption, you will go this mistake. Make sure you lot are using an encrypted backup to restore from. |
| Cannot generate S3 chunks that are greater than 524288000 bytes to upload to S3. | If the chore errors out with this message, the size of the backup for the specified database is greater than the currently supported maximum size of one TB. |
| There is non enough space on the disk to perform restore database functioning. | Earlier a restore starts, RDS makes an judge about how much disk space will be required past the database that is going to be restored. If that estimate exceeds the amount of gratuitous space left on the deejay, you lot volition meet this error. You can restore the database to a different RDS DB case that has enough disk space. |
| Database AdventureWorks cannot be restored considering at that place is already an existing database with the same file_guids on the case. Database AdventureWorks cannot be restored because at that place is already an existing database with the same family_guid on the instance. | RDS does not allow restoring a re-create of the aforementioned database onto the same DB instance. A copy of the same database is defined as one for which the family_guid or file_guids values are the aforementioned. For example, if in that location are two full database backups in S3 for AdventureWorks called AdventureWorks_2015 and AdventureWorks_2016, you can only restore i of them to one RDS DB instance. If y'all run into this trouble, you can fix information technology two ways:
|
| THE IN-PROGRESS TASK COULD NOT BE RETRIEVED. RE-ISSUING THE TASK. | Sometimes, if the backup or restore chore encounters an mistake it tin't recover from, the task is reissued on client's behalf by RDS automagically. |
| Aborted the task considering of a task failure or an overlap with your preferred backup window for RDS automated backup. | This generic error message appears whenever a backup job encounters whatever of the mistake messages preceding. If this is the only error message in task_info, the task has been aborted because of a conflict with RDS automatic backups. To avoid this conflict, you can temporarily turn off automated backups and either reissue your backup or effect your backup outside the backup window. |
| Unable to retrieve family guid for database name: AdventureWorks | Y'all might run into this fault when the database you have restored contains a big log file and SQL Server is performing crash recovery. Shrink the log file on bounds before creating a backup, uploading it to S3, and issuing the restore task. |
| Unable to retrieve reserved database size. | If RDS can't retrieve the database size from the database on the RDS DB example to estimate the fill-in size, you will encounter this fault. This error can happen if the database is not online. Bring the database online and endeavor again. |
| Empty restore file listing result retrieved. | If a restore task cannot retrieve the file listing information from the database backup, you will see this message. Make sure the backup file in S3 isn't corrupt. |
| The specified bucket does not exist | This error ways that the bucket proper name in the S3 ARN does not be. Make sure the bucket exists and is associated with the IAM role, and effort over again. |
| Cannot find server document with thumbprint '0xE82F1BCC5F20DMNO24334331'. | Backups encrypted with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) aren't supported by fill-in and restore. As an alternative to TDE, you can encrypt the fill-in using a KMS key on-premises and restore the encrypted backup onto an RDS DB instance. Detect more than info about encrypting a file using KMS in Protecting Data Using Customer-Side Encryption in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide. Another option is to simply utilise server-side encryption. However, client-side encryption is the preferred approach. |
In addition to these errors, you might receive errors from SQL Server if at that place are problems performing a backup or restore. For example, you might receive errors when restoring from a backup file that is non backward uniform, restoring a database greater than ten GB on a SQL Server express example, or restoring when the fill-in is not correctly formed, to proper noun a few.
Stay tuned for our next weblog post on migrating enterprise workloads using AWS Data Migration Service (AWS DMS).
Source: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/migrating-microsoft-sql-server-enterprise-workloads-to-amazon-rds-part-1/
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